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Southeast Asia was under Indian influence starting around 200 BC until around the 15th century, when Hindu-Buddhist influence was absorbed by local polities. India had established trade, cultural and political relations with Southeast Asian kingdoms in Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, Malay Peninsula, Cambodia and, to a lesser extent, Vietnam. The peoples of maritime Southeast Asia — present day Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines — are thought to have migrated southwards from southern China sometime between 2500 and 1500 BC. The influence of the civilization of India gradually became predominant among them, and among the peoples of the Southeast Asian mainland. Indian traders, adventurers, teachers and priests continued to be the dominating influence in Southeast Asia until about 1500 CE, and Indians often ruled the earliest states in these regions. Hinduism and Buddhism both spread to these states from India and for many centuries existed there with mutual toleration. Eventually the states of the mainland became mainly Buddhist. ==Colonization and trading== The Indo-Chinese peninsula was known as Suvarnabhumi or Suvarnadvipa, the land or island of gold. Indians traveled to the Far East through the land or sea routes. The land route was through Bengal, Manipur, Assam, and Burma. Regarding the sea-routes, one could start from Tamluk in Midnapore, Bengal and proceed along the coasts of Bengal, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Java etc. or start from Gopalpur (Orissa), Masulipatnam and sail across the Bay of Bengal to the Far East. Trades induced by the mineral, metals wealth were the primary reasons for this intercourse between India and the Far East. Over time trade led to political and cultural relations. Trade relations may have begun around 200-300 BC. Local traditions refer to the establishment of political authority by Indians over most of South-East Asia. According to Burmese chronicles, a prince of the Kapilavastu (in Nepal) marched into upper Burma and set himself King. The founder of Ligor in the Malay Peninsula was supposed to be a descendant of Asoka. According to Cambodian annals an exiled prince of Indraprastha founded the kingdom of Cambodia. In 132 the King of Java, Devavarman sent an embassy to China. Around the first century CE, Kaudinya founded a kingdom in Cambodia. Around 200, the kingdom passed on to his general Fan-che-man who conquered Thailand, parts of Malaysia. Sri-mara, ruler of Champa or Annam was first king about the second century CE. The Hindu kings are known from Chinese sources, to have their names begin with Fan (Varman). Fan Hiong, king of Champa around 270 CE continued the policy of extending his kingdom at the cost of the Chinese. The transmission of Indian culture of distant parts of Central Asia, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and especially Southeast Asia is certainly one of the greatest achievements of Indian history or even of the history of mankind. None of the other great civilizations - not even the Hellenic - had been able to achieve a similar success without military conquest. In this brief survey of India's history, there is no room for an adequate discussion of the development of the 'Indianised' states of Southeast Asia which can boast of such magnificent temple cities as the Borobudur (Java, early ninth century CE), Angkor (Cambodia; constructed from 889 to c. 1300 CE), and Pagan (Burma; constructed from 1044 to 1287 CE). Though they were influenced by Indian culture, they are nevertheless part of the history of those respective countries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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